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After more than two years of pushing its scientific computing efforts, Nvidia’s graphics processors will be offered as an option in the newest line of Cray desktop supercomputers. The chipmaker plans to announce next week that its Tesla chips can be used in the $25,000 Cray desktop supercomputer, according to Nvidia spokesperson Andrew Humber. He said Nvidia has been in talks with Cray ever since the chipmaker announced its Tesla line of graphics processors in 2007, but that this is the first deal the two companies have inked.

The Cray CX1 computer launched today, with specs that include either 32 or 64 Intel cores and 4 terabytes of internal storage. The new machine, which runs a new version of Microsoft Windows, is a testament to both the demand for and the democratization of computing power. Indeed, people who earlier might have turned to grids or supercomputers for their problems are building powerful desktops with accelerator chips, while less scientifically minded folks, such as traders or product designers, who want to render things in 3-D are seeking more processing power.

Cray’s CX1 is the smallest supercomputer the venerable firm has ever built, but its downmarket shift is a response to both the needs of the market and the presence of accelerator chips trying to muscle in on its scientific computing turf in the high and low end. Chips such as IBM’s cell processor or GPUs from AMD or Nvidia are being dolled up with programming tools to take on scientific computing. The multiple cores in the Cell chip and GPUs are designed to parallelize tasks and execute them faster than a general purpose CPU, like the x86 processors offered by Intel.

At the desktop level, Nvidia has been touting stories such as the €4,000 (about $5,700 today) “supercomputer” built by scientists at the University of Antwerp creating 3-D images of internal organs that uses GPUs. With the CX1, Cray is acknowledging that trend and trying to ride it.

The effort to broaden its market comes as Cray sees it dominance in the supercomputing world waning. The top supercomputer in the world runs on a combined x86 and Cell processors. In the most recent list of the Top 500 supercomputers, Cray only made 16 of the machines for a 3.2 percent share of the fastest computers in the world. That’s quite a decline from when the Top 500 organization started tracking the data 15 years ago and Cray made 205 systems on the list. So Cray is thinking small to expand its market as the market demands more computing power.

You wouldn’t think that next year’s DreamWorks movie, “Aliens vs. Monsters” and the search for more crude would be connected, but they are — in that they both take advantage of parallel programming for multicore chips. And when it comes to multicore chips, big bucks are on the line as the chip firm or software company that figures out how to write code to take advantage of them stands to make boatloads of money.

DreamWorks signed a deal with Intel this week aimed at parallelizing some of its code running on multicore chips to enable 3-D imaging for the 2009 animated movie. It’s not the first company to work with Intel to get more out of the multiple cores now embedded in servers, but it’s a nice example of how Intel is pushing its multicore efforts beyond simply throwing a bunch of chips at a computing bottleneck.

Like other chip firms, Intel knows that to keep compute power on the rise (and customers happy) it has to not only make the hardware more powerful with multicore chips, but also teach programmers how to use them. Otherwise, multicore chips don’t reach their full potential. James Reinders, director of marketing for Intel’s developer products division, pointed out that much of the work Intel was doing with regard to multicore, including investing in software research, selling tools to make parallel programming less cumbersome and participating in standards bodies, was done to deliver more computing power — something that can no longer be done efficiently by increasing clock speeds or adding even more cores.

“Every generation of hardware offers new capabilities, and we have rewritten our software to take advantage of it over time,” Reinders said. “Multicore will inspire us to do the same thing, but it won’t be overnight.”

It’s possible that the chip companies will be the vanguards of a new style of programming, much like programmers had to learn how to program for the web, graphical user interfaces or even e-commerce applications. Paula Richards, director of IBM’s Cell systems business thinks so. The Cell processor, designed for the Playstation 3, contains nine cores and also performs better if you adapt the code to take advantage of it.

So far IBM has focused on selling the Cell processor into financial firms, hospitals, and oil companies like Spain’s Reposal Repsol, which it inked a deal with last week. Richards said IBM doesn’t just dump that hardware and run — it spends time working with clients in each vertical to build software development kits the customer can use to get the most out of the processor. Those kits work with Intel and AMD multicore chips as well, although Richards says a user won’t see the same level of improvement they would using Cell processors.

“We knew multicore was a major inflection point in the industry,” Richards told me. “Everybody realized this and the company that addresses the [ease of programming] for this technology will win.” In some ways it’s not only about making it easy, it’s about attracting the hearts and minds of developers to a certain way of coding. That’s why IBM is offering SDKs to students who want to write parallel code on their PlayStations and Intel is pushing an undergraduate curriculum for parallel programming. This is a hardware battle fought using software.

image courtesy of DreamWorks

Solarflare Communications, a chip startup in Irvine, Calif., has raised $26 million in a third round of funding. That brings the total the company’s raised to $126 million, which is a lot of money for a chip startup, even when you consider that the amount includes money raised by Level 5 Networks, which Solarflare acquired in April 2006. But the startup is hoping to use that money to attack a big problem in the data center at prices lower than the current technology offers. And if it succeeds, it’ll make computing faster and data center operations more flexible.

Like many other communications chip companies, Solarflare is working on a way to deliver 10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper, which is cheaper than delivering it via fiber. That enables the high-speed transport technology to move outside of the telecommunications networks, where companies such as Infinera are already pursuing 100 Gigabit Ethernet over fiber, and into mass adoption in the data center. Getting the technology into servers at a reasonable cost would create a market 10 times bigger than that of networking switches.

Others chasing mass adoption of 10 GigE on the server side are Intel and Broadcom, which like Solarflare, have controller chips. Broadcom and Solarflare also have PHY chips sampling with customers. Solarflare CEO Russell Stern plans to integrate the PHY with the controller chip in 2009, beating Broadcom to the market. He will use some of the funding for that purpose.

It’s likely Broadcom will end up attempting an integrated 10 GigE over copper chip as well. Broadcom doesn’t talk about its chips until they’re sampling, but the company did make a mint by cornering the market for integrated 1 Gigabit Ethernet chips for servers. However, success for Solarflare or Broadcom is probably three years out and depends on creating an energy-efficient chip at the 32 nanometer process node, according to Bob Wheeler, an analyst at The Linley Group.

Power consumption is a big challenge for these chips because unless it’s managed properly, they run too hot for servers and switches. And because technology doesn’t stand still in the data center, where virtualization and ever-increasing amounts of data are screaming for fatter pipes, hybrid forms of networking technologies that mix fiber or Fibre Channel with Ethernet are emerging to bridge the Gigabit gap between servers and networking equipment. Broadcom has several products that take advantage of such a hybrid networking environment. Startups such as Arastra and Woven Systems are also in that sector, and may see gains at the expense of a unified 10GigE world, which means Solarflare’s market opportunity could fragment if cheap, integrated 10 GigE takes too long.

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